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A decision box or a diamond in a flowchart represents a decision point in the logic flow, which typically has two possible outcomes: 'yes' or 'no'. While it is possible to have a decision with more than two outcomes, the classic decision box in flowcharts has exactly two paths. One path is followed if the condition is true, and the other if it is false. The more complex decisions are often broken down into multiple binary decision boxes.

A managed cloud backup service automates the backup process and scales the storage space as needed without manual intervention, which aligns with the organization's requirements for a flexible and secure backup solution tailored for a remote workforce. A dedicated cloud server, while secure and accessible, typically requires manual scaling of storage capacity. A company network drive, even though it might be accessible via VPN, doesn't offer the same level of scalability and Internet-based accessibility as a cloud service. Using physical drives for this purpose is impractical due to manual efforts needed to maintain and secure them.

Attributes are characteristics or properties that hold data about an object in object-oriented programming. They help to distinguish an object from other objects of the same class by providing specific data about that object. For instance, in a class defining a 'Car', an attribute could be 'color', which describes the characteristic of a car's color. Options that reference 'functions' or 'containers' are incorrect because functions define behavior and containers are data structures that may hold multiple objects or elements.

Setting proper file permissions is the best method to ensure that only authorized users have access to certain files. Permissions can be adjusted to grant specific rights, such as read, write, and execute, to specific users or groups of users, thereby effectively controlling who can access the files. Biometric authentication is more related to accessing the device itself rather than individual files. Firewall rules protect against external threats and manage network traffic but do not control access to files on a computer. Full disk encryption is essential for protecting the data if the device is stolen or lost, but it does not specifically restrict file access while the operating system is running.

An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Other options, while related to networking, do not serve as unique identifiers for devices on a network. MAC address is unique to the network card but is not assigned by the user or network administrator. Network name is a human-readable label for a network, not an individual device. Subnet mask is used to divide the network and the host portion of an IP address.

In programming, an 'Object' refers to a self-contained unit that encapsulates data and the procedures known as methods that operate on that data. This encapsulation allows objects to model real-world entities by combining data (which can be represented by properties and attributes) with functionality, providing a structured approach to programming. An 'Array' is a collection of similar data types, but it does not encapsulate methods. A 'Class' defines a type of object, specifying what data and methods it will contain, but it is not the object itself. A 'Variable' is simply a storage location that holds data which can be manipulated by the program.

HDMI cables are commonly used to transmit both high-definition video and audio through a single cable. This is preferable for presentations as it simplifies the setup by using one cable instead of multiple for audio and video separately. VGA and DVI are primarily used for video and do not typically carry audio signals, which would require an additional audio cable. RJ-45 is used for networking and does not carry video or audio signals.

Regularly applying software updates is important because updates often contain patches for security vulnerabilities that have been discovered since the last version was released. If these vulnerabilities are not patched, they could be exploited by malware or hackers, leading to potential breaches of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. The correct answer is 'To fix security vulnerabilities and improve system stability', as updates provide both security patches and enhancements for better performance.

The diamond shape in flow-charts represents a decision point where the flow can branch based on a yes/no question or true/false condition. In this scenario, the program needs to decide if the user's age is 18 or over to determine voting eligibility. The rectangle represents a process step, not a decision, and the oval symbol is used to denote the start or end of the flow-chart, not a decision point. The parallelogram is used for input/output operations.

Alice is using the concept of functions. Functions allow a programmer to create a reusable set of instructions. Instead of writing the same code over and over, a function can be defined once and called multiple times whenever the operation is needed. This enhances code readability and maintainability. The other options provided do not directly refer to grouping code for reusability; 'variables' store data values, 'arrays' hold multiple values in a single variable, and 'objects' encapsulate data and behavior but are not specifically for grouping and reusing a set of instructions.

The correct answer is 111. The decimal system is base-10, which means that each place value represents a power of 10. The number 111 is composed of one hundred (10^{2), plus one ten (10}1), plus one (10^0), which equals one hundred and eleven. The other options use either binary (1011011), hexadecimal (6F), or a mix of digits not applicable to the decimal representation of the number one hundred and eleven.

A password manager aids users in generating strong, unique passwords for each of their accounts and keeps them in a secure vault, which is especially beneficial in a professional environment where security is paramount. This practice discourages the reuse of passwords and reduces the likelihood of successful password attacks or unauthorized access.

The Services console is the correct location to adjust properties of system services in Windows operating systems. It allows users to start, stop, pause, resume, and disable services, as well as modify their startup type (automatic, manual, or disabled). The 'Device Manager' is used for managing hardware device drivers, 'Task Scheduler' is used to schedule automated tasks to run at specific times or events, and 'Programs and Features' allows you to uninstall or change installed software but does not manage system services.

Using a digital signature provides the best form of non-repudiation, as it uniquely ties the attendee to their digital identity ensuring that their attendance is authentically recorded. Traditional video recording can show who was present, but it does not provide a cryptographic guarantee of the attendee's identity. Biometrics and receipts can help support non-repudiation but are not directly applicable or as effective in the context of confirming attendance in a remote video conference.

A variable is the correct choice for storing the score because variables allow for the stored data to be modified or updated while the program runs. Since the score changes throughout the game, a variable's mutable nature makes it ideal for this purpose. Constants cannot change once set, and functions are not storage containers but rather blocks of code designed to perform specific tasks. Therefore, while functions might be used to increase the score variable, they are not where you would store the score itself.